Is JavaScript Accessible?

Throughout my accessibility consulting practice, developers have often asked me if they are allowed to use JavaScript in their web applications, because they have heard that it is not accessible.

The good news is, you can use JavaScript, as long as you make it accessible.

In many instances the problem is not with using JavaScript, rather, that there are a great number of sites which do not use it properly.

Several years ago, it was recommended that applications should work without JavaScript, and sites should provide an equivalent alternative for those who choose to turn JavaScript off. But at that point, assistive technologies were also way behind of where they are now.

Just think about it for a second: the lack of JavaScript would practically kill all web 2.0 applications, which would be nothing less than a disaster in today's world. So, the solution is not to restrict what can be used, rather, to make it accessible, whatever we use.

In addition, neither Section 508, nor WCAG 2.0 restrict the use of JavaScript. Rather, they spell out different other criteria that you have to follow to ensure that your page/application, including the JavaScript you build into it is accessible.

One of the most frequently encountered problems with JavaScript when it comes to accessibility is the use of mouse events only for a given functionality. For example, an action takes place when you hover over a page element. This itself is not a problem. The problem is if you don't create a keyboard equivalent for those who cannot use the mouse. If the same functionality can be achieved by both using the mouse and the keyboard, this part of your JavaScript application is considered to be accessible.

Today, assistive technologies can handle JavaScript very well. In fact, it can be a very useful tool, when it comes to dynamic content update, or error handling for example when used in an accessible way. If used properly, many functionalities will enhance the browsing experience to people with disabilities as well.